Commentary on Hbr Case When Consultants and Clients Clash Essay Example

Commentary on Hbr Case: When Consultants and Clients Clash Essay Commentary on HBR Case: When Consultants and Clients Clash -by Vinodkumar Pralia, Section-D1, 341/47 Is the business relationship between the Statler Group and Kellogg-Champion Securities a lost cause? How should the consultants and the client handle the status meeting? The crux of the problem is the incorrect framing of tasks to be undertaken by Statler Group consultants. This has been the cumulative result of the lack of understanding of merger situations by Kellogg and over-estimation of the progress of the merger by Gray. Since Kellogg hasn’t been involved in the people aspect of his firm and also, this being his first exposure to a merger situation, his understanding about the complexities arising out of mergers is limited. Despite important post merger tasks like finalizing hierarchical levels, reporting structures, executive titles still remaining, Kellogg is of the opinion that the merger is almost done. On the part of Gray, he has taken client’s viewpoints as the starting without himself doing any fact-finding to ascertain the progress of the merger and the tasks remaining for completion of the merger. This has led to situation where consultants’ task formulation includes only policies realignment without considering status of the other tasks. It’s next to impossible for the consultants to complete their assigned task of policies realignment without settling of the hierarchical levels and reporting structure. Even if we assume that the policies realignment task is achieved somehow, it will not be in the client’s interest as once the hierarchy and reporting issues are handled, need for policy changes would invariably arise. We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary on Hbr Case: When Consultants and Clients Clash specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary on Hbr Case: When Consultants and Clients Clash specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Commentary on Hbr Case: When Consultants and Clients Clash specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To tap the synergies of the merger, the client has to settle these pressing needs before it looks into the policies. As the scope of the work is bound to increase with the addition of new tasks, the first thing Gray has to do is be present in person for the next meeting to show his seriousness to the client and also to show that Statler Group has competent people to do the job. He should present to Kellogg how important it is to complete the hierarchy and reporting issues before beginning with policies realignment. To back this he should use his team’s findings in the firm till now and other research data on mergers. This would help Kellogg to understand the complexities involved in a merger situation. He should tell Kellogg that a merger situation is bound to create conflicting interests in its employees and it would help the firm to remove arising uncertainties as soon as possible. Gray should acknowledge the fact that he over-estimated the progress of the merger and should present a proposal for reframing the engagement to include the additional tasks like recommending hierarchical levels and reporting structure. Along with this he should present in details how he plans to accomplish them. He should share with Kellogg that the most important decision criteria for the tasks should be maximize the synergies which can be derived out of the merging entities. One of the key actionable of his plans should be getting Kellogg to introduce the team to the senior management to have everyone on the same page as far as their mission objectives are concerned. The management should come out with circulars stating interim policies till the process is on. This will serve in bringing down anxiety of the employees arising out of the merger situation.

NMSQT Why Should You Care

What Is the PSAT/NMSQT Why Should You Care SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard about the PSAT or the National Merit program and are wondering what they are?Are you looking for ways to prepare for the SAT? Read this guide to learn what the PSAT/NMSQT is, what it tests, and how it can get you ready for the SAT and earn you money for college. What Is the PSAT/NMSQT? First of all, what do all those letters stand for? The full name is thePreliminary SAT/National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test, often abbreviated to PSAT. So what is the PSAT? It's a standardized test that 10th and 11th graders can take, and about 3.5 million students choose to take it each year. The PSAT is used to determineeligibility and qualification for the National Merit Scholarship Program (which is what the "NMSQT" part of the name is for). It also serves as a practice test for the SAT, but be aware that you can't submit PSAT scores to colleges as your standardized test scores. What Sections Does the PSAT/NMSQT Include? The structure and content of the PSAT have been recently revised to reflect changes made to the SAT. There are three sections on the PSAT: Math, Reading, and Language and Writing. The total testing time of the PSAT is 2 hours and 45 minutes, and it includes 139 questions. This information is broken down more specificallybelow. Reading Section: 60 minutes to answer 47 questions Writing and Language Section: 35 minutes to answer 44 questions Math Section: 70 minutes to answer 48 questions What Material Do These Sections Cover? Reading Section The reading section tests students'ability to draw conclusions and make inferences from reading passages. The 47 questions arebased on three passages and two passage pairs (a passage pair is when a passage is paired with a chart, table, graph, or other passage, and the questions use information from both of those sources). The five passages/passage pairs will cover the following subjects: 1 on US/World Literature (with 9 corresponding questions) 2 on Social Studies/History (with 18-20 corresponding questions) 2 on Science (with 18-20 corresponding questions) Writing and Language Section The Writing and Language Section testsknowledge of grammar, usage, punctuation, and other English conventions. It does not include an essay. There are four passages/passage pairs in this section whichaddress topics related to careers, history/social studies, the humanities, and science. There are two categories of question in this section: 24 questions on Expression of Ideas 20 questions on Standard English Conventions Math Section The Math Section focuses on algebraic problems and tests ability to analyze and interpret data sets. For the first 25 minutes, a calculator is not allowed, but students are allowed to use a calculator for the last 45 minutes of the section. The questions are mostly multiple choice, but some (17-22%) will have grid-in answers. The topics tested in this section are: Heart of Algebra (linear equations and systems) Problem Solving and Data Analysis (quantitative literacy) Passport to Advanced Math (manipulation of complex equations) Additional Topics in Math (geometric and trigonometric skills) How Is the PSAT/NMSQT Scored? The PSAT has recently implemented a new scoring system. As of 2015, thescore range has been changed, and there will no longer be deductions for incorrect answers.Although the PSAT/NMSQT has a shared common score scale as the SAT, score ranges are not identical. The PSAT's total score range is 320-1520. The PSAT's range doesn'tgo up to 1600 like the SAT's does because the PSAT is a less difficult test than the SAT, and sincea perfect score on the PSAT does not necessarily indicate a perfect score on the SAT, having identical score ranges may have causedsome test takers to mistakenly believe that. There are two main section scores for the PSAT: the Math Score and the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score. Both of these sections havescore ranges of 160-760. The Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Score is based on the combined scores of the Language and Writing and the Reading sections. This means that the Math section accounts for half of your entire PSAT score. The PSAT also has three test scores for each of the three subject sections, Math, Reading, and Language and Writing, that range from 8-38. Additionally, within each of these three sections there are several subsections with scores ranging from 1-15. These subscores letexam takers see how well they scored in more specific areas and can help make future studying more effective. There are seven subscores in the following categories: Reading:Command of Evidence, Words in Context Writing and Language:Expression of Ideas, Standard English Conventions Math:Heart of Algebra,Problem Solving and Data Analysis, Passport to Advanced Math What Are the Benefits of the PSAT/NMSQT? How can taking the PSAT help you? There are three main ways: 1. Practice for the SAT The PSAT allowsyou practice taking a test very similar to the SAT, under real test conditions. It can give you an estimate of the score you'd get on the SAT, and you can also look at the section scores and subscores to see which areas you should study the most in the future. The PSAT is a great way to practice for the SAT and other standardized tests 2. Practice for Standardized Tests in General Even though the PSAT will prepare you most directly for the SAT, taking it can benefit anyone looking to get more practice taking other standardized tests, like the ACT. It can help you practice managing your time during a test, improve your critical thinking skills, and also give you an opportunity to seehow well you do under official testing conditions. 3. Potential for Scholarship Money Competition is tough, but students with top PSAT scores can get a significant amount of scholarship money.Of the roughly 1.5 million high school juniors who take the test, about 50,000 students with the highest total PSAT/NMSQTscores qualify for recognition in the National Merit Scholarship Program. About 34,000 of those students become Commended Scholars. The roughly 16,000 students with the highest PSAT scores in the country (partly based on which state you live in) become National Merit Semi-Finalists, and most of them (about 15,000) move on to become National Merit Finalists. Over $180 million in scholarship money is awarded annually to students who get high scores on the PSAT. About half of the National Merit Finalistsreceive a $2,500 National Merit Scholarship, renewable for up to four years. Many corporations offer scholarship money as well. In addition, many colleges offer scholarships to National Merit Commended Scholars, Semi-Finalists, and Finalists. Some schools even offer a tuition waiver, which can save you tens of thousands of dollars. If you're interested in learning more about the National Merit Scholarship program, check out our guide which provides tips to help you improve your chances of becoming a Semi-Finalist! Getting a National Merit Scholarship can really fill up your piggy bank Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Who Should Take the PSAT/NMSQT? There are multiple groups who can benefit from taking the PSAT. This can include high school sophomores or juniors looking to get more practice for the SAT, especially under real test conditions, as well as studentswho want more practice taking standardized tests in general. If you are trying to decide between the SAT and the ACT, taking the PSAT may also helpful because you can getan estimate of your SAT score without worrying about it being sent to colleges if it is lower than you'd like. Juniors who are confident in their standardized test-taking abilities and want to try for National Merit recognition and scholarships should also consider taking the PSAT, as well as sophomores hoping to increase their chances of winning a scholarship next year by getting more PSAT practice. How Do You Sign Up for the PSAT/NMSQT? The PSAT is administered by high schools, so you will register through your school. The PSAT is taken in October of your junior year. You can also take the exam as a sophomore, however; you won’t be eligible for National Merit awards that year. There is alsoa test called the PSAT10, which is offered only for 10th graders in the spring. This is the same test as the PSAT/NMSQT, but it is for preparation purposes only and is not part of the National Merit Scholarship Program.Students who take the PSAT 10 in the spring can still take the PSAT/NMSQT in the fall. What's Next? Have you decided to take the PSAT and want to know how to prepare for it? Take a look at this guide to finding full-length PSAT tests and practice questions! Not a high school junior yet? Take a look at our guide to the PSAT 10, which is specially designed forsophomores. Interested in winning a National Merit Scholarship? We have a guide that gives step-by-step instructions to improving your chances! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Harmonic Motion-Elastic spring Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harmonic Motion-Elastic spring - Lab Report Example The plot resulted in a straight line that was used to determine the elastic constant of the spring and its accuracy based on the slope. In this harmonic motion experiment, the spring oscillated up and down with amplitude and a time period measured as t. The theory underlying the phenomenon being studied here was that of Hooke’s law for an elastic spring (Wilson & Hall, 2009). In setting up the experiment, a spring, set of weights, a stand and timing mechanism were used. In releasing the weights, and starting the oscillations, an electromagnet was used. The procedure was to connect the weight to the spring and power the electromagnetic with the metal weight sticking to the electromagnet, and when the button is released, oscillations started. The hypothesis was that there is a dependence period in the mass of the oscillator. This is proven given that, with the addition of extra mass, the time increased from 8 in the first experiment to 12 in the last experiment. Averagely the time increase from 0.76 to 1.2 in the last experiment. This proves the null hypothesis that time period is dependent on the mass of

Discuss the major problems a firm might face in attempting to Essay

Discuss the major problems a firm might face in attempting to standardize advertising among different countries. How might product branding be affected - Essay Example Different countries have different languages they use in communication as their national languages in their countries. For instance, most of the countries now are majorly using English as their business language. There are many more countries that use different languages like French, Chinese, German language to mention only but a few. This means that for the marketing manager to think of standardizing the advertising internationally, he has to first think of how the message will reach the audience or target market. Communication language is usually an issue when it comes to the international business. The language has to be translated into the national language of the countries among which the advertising has to be standardized. It is therefore very expensive to translate the adverts into the foreign language before it is advertised. Besides, the advertisement manager finds it very hard to effectively supervise international business because he may not understand the language at a gl ance. It is more convenient to standardize advertisement among countries with same language speaking citizens than those countries that vary in the language speaking. Communication media has remained a question unanswered when it comes to international advertising, especially international standardization of advertising. This is due to a number of issues that follows. First there is a question of whether the advertisement media is available in the foreign countries or not. The standardization of international advertising to work there must be availability of the advertisement media among all the countries into which the advertising is to be practiced. For example some third world countries have limited access to the internet because of poverty while others like United States of America have computer technology advantage. It means then that for the standardization of the advertising among countries to prosper the communication media should not only be available

Generation Y and leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Generation Y and leadership - Assignment Example The challenges are also due to the fact that the earlier generation, the ‘x’ers are also in the office floor making it a management conundrum. The challenge of managing this mutigenerational workforce would be considered quaint when one considers the natural progression this situation leads to be an era where millennials will be called to lead other millennials. Aliases for this generation are not in short supply. They could also be referred to as the â€Å"entitlement kids† for the strong sense of expectation they posses. â€Å"†¦If there is one overriding perception of the millennial generation, it's that these young people have great -- and sometimes outlandish – expectations† (Aslop, 2008). What would leadership look when â€Å"entitlement kids† lead â€Å"entitlement kids†? Would it be a positive development or similar to the new tribal warfare we see in the world, outside the corporate curtain wall? One of the best ways to un derstand the millennials is to contrast them with the prior generation ‘x’. Those born in the 1960’s and 1970’s up to 1982 are referred to as the generation ‘x’. They are refereed to as a generation that â€Å"†¦ has always signified a group of young people, seemingly without identity, who face an uncertain, ill-defined (and perhaps hostile) future.†(Ulrich, 2003). ... Sociologists will point to this as a definitive belief in leadership principles by believing in being led. The underlying reasons for this according to Hershatter derived from groundbreaking research done in ‘The History of America's Future 1584 to 2069’ (Strauss et al. 1992) is that â€Å"A lot of the things that people perceived as problematic outcomes as the result of how Gen ‘X’ers were raised – latch key kids, lots of autonomy, lots of freedom, not a lot of attention to their care and well being – was completely reversed with the Millennials†. They were raised with positive reinforcement. Confident in them selves it was insufficient for them to know what had to be done? Brought up with Pokemon, Star Wars and The Lord of The Rings film trilogy they needed to know why it had to be done? Cell phones, Mp3’s, and game portals were their toys making them addicted to technology. Fostered by social media and keypad savvy they have ma naged to be more connected with their parents than generations before them as they were in control of that connectivity. Trust has been inbred them. Gaining knowledge is less of a priority than knowing the sources of knowledge. They have had to learn to trust sources of knowledge. Millennials have turned the perception that generation-to-generation youth culture self degrades. They are changing corporate culture by their liking for immediate feedback, the hunger for positive reinforcement, and the sensitivity to relationships. The above-mentioned factors will cause corporate structures to be flatter to facilitate the required speed of communication and generation ‘Y’ has the

Strategic Leadership In An Organizational Change Process Management Essay

Strategic Leadership In An Organizational Change Process Management Essay The following essay will critically discuss the role of strategic leadership in an organizational change process using relevant theories and example. The objective of this paper is to come up with a solution of the many challenges that occur in the process of organizational change through implementing proper leadership. Organizational change refers to a situation whereby an organization adopts a new strategy in the way it carries out its activities and management for better or removes a major section or an operational department (McNamara, 2011). Strategic leadership on the other hand refers to the implementation of strategies in the management of workers in any organization. Organizations always go through change, at times gradual and other times drastic throughout their normal life cycle whereby organizational leaders may create change driving forces within the organization. For example, radical changes may take place in an organization leading to structural transformation through which organizations attempt to revitalize business orientations through changing the reporting structure. Other changes, for instance, merger and acquisition, transforming the top management of an organization, reorganization and restructuring of the company may affect the organization culture and processes. Most of these transformations in organization are mainly meant to down size the size of the organization (Pryor et al, 2008). However, organizational change is not always embraced positively by the employees and the stakeholders thus it is a very challenging process (Appelbaum, St-Pierre Glavas, 2000, Pg 293). Most people are either afraid or unwilling to try out something new and they may go ahead convincing their counterparts otherwise. In other instances, organizational change is viewed like a threat by those who have been used to the old system (Pryor et al, 2008).. For instance, when a certain unproductive department may be scrapped from the company by the management, the employees feel threatened to loose their jobs thus resisting this change. This may lead to demonstration and if the leadership is not very careful, they may end up frustrated and may even fail to achieve their objectives and goals. This is where leaders ought to undertake proper change management in order to accommodate the views of each party and to make proper decision which wont affect the overall performance of the organization ( Thompsons, 2008, p5). When an organization is going through change, proper change management is vital in order to take the company through proper and successful transition. This is a time when the leaders and the managers need to exercise their leadership fully. Leaders should be the role models and the best examples to the rest of the employees in the implementation of change to show the positive attitude and that change is possible. Apart from action, they should explain the need for change to the employees, displaying the benefit and the importance of change in order to create a positive attitude even as they work towards the change. Once the employees find the attitude that their leaders have towards the change, they will be willing to learn more about the change and they will be motivated to participate more in implementing the change (Pryor et al, 2008). Several theories will be discussed in the essay pertaining the organization change and change management. We will also look at the economic importance of strategic leadership in change management. This will be in relation to the Arabic nature of the organization culture. Strategic leadership Strategic leadership involves use of strategy to manage workers in an organization (Cyprus, 2010, Para1). Strategy refers to a long-term plan of action that has been laid down by a company in order to achieve competitive advantage, by meeting the market needs and the stakeholders competition, through proper combination of resources (Johnson Scholes, 2011). The basic strategy that managers employ in organizations is motivation of workers in order for them to be productive at the end of the day. For strategic leadership to be successful, the managers ought to be critical thinkers and to apply the theories of strategic planning. Leaders are the most important assets of the company since their mode of leadership determines the future of the company and the productivity of the workers. Their input to the company and to the employees inspires them to take the appropriate action thus laying the foundation for the future of the company (Cyprus, 2010, Para1). Strategic leadership works handy with strategic planning, competitive advantage and comparative advantage. Competitive advantage refers to an advantage an individual or a company has over his competitors by offering goods and services to the market at a lower opportunity cost (Annon, 2011). It is a theory that tries to address some of the criticisms of comparative advantage which refers to the ability of a firm to produce goods and services at a lower opportunity cost as compared to its rivals. Since competitors can easily learn any strategic position, it has become so challenging for leaders to maintain competitive advantage over their rivals. Also, there has been acute and drastic global competition and technological changes that require the leaders to be updated and we set with the current affairs in order to protect the future of their organizations. Strategic leaders are therefore always focused and looking ahead as well as analyzing the present to prepare the business for what may be ahead (Cyprus, 2010, Para1). The major aspect in strategic leaders is awareness of the market, current as well as possible future occurrences, critical thinking out of action, adaptability as well as growth oriented. They implement their leadership roles by training the employees to get things done by combining resources in order to come up with the best results for the company (Cyprus, 2010, Para1) . Organizational Change Organizational change refers to a situation whereby an organization adopts a new strategy in the way it carries out its activities and management for better or removes a major section or an operational department (McNamara, 2011). Organizational change may also occur when the organization evolves through growth with time from what was established to something else after input of resources. This is the development that an organization gains as it grows and it is a major and very significant process of organization change. Since no organization remains static or the way it was established, the topic of organization change has become a very common and widespread topic among business people as well as scholars (McNamara, 2011). Strategic leadership is very core in the process of organizational change in order to embrace this change in a positive and rewarding way as well as preventing negative impact of change to the company. Leaders and managers are faced with a challenging task to accomplish successful and significant change whereby some achieve beyond our expectations whereas others struggle a lot and fail. Reasons for organizational Change Organizational change is brought about by different reason, some of which are from the management whereas others are out of human control. Natural disaster and acts of terrorism are some of the major reasons that may bring about organizational change. The Arabic community has been facing many of these kinds of hazards in their continents directly or indirectly which has made it important to embrace the culture of organization change in their organizations. For instance, the long time war in Afghanistan and Iraq has affected many organizations leading to implementation of new strategies and dynamics. This is because the terrorist attacks may at times target an organization in such a manner that it is not possible to continue with its ordinary culture. Also, major disasters in the United States have been associated with the terrorist groups in the Arabic community making it very hard for the two parties to do business together thus need for organizational transformation to accommodate these changes. Change management theories An organization must be in a position to understand the changes itmight be going through for it to manage it successfully, otherwise, any change is doomed to serious problem and failure. Some of the change management tactics include accepting the brief, diagnosing the change through investigation to be able to understand the change, managing the stakeholders carefully, planning for change by creating a bullet proof plan, managing change project by making it happen in practice, investing in means of turning the plans in to reality, designing the organization in such a manner that it will accommodate the changes and successfully move from the old organization in to a new organization, employing change techniques that will instill personal change among the parties involved in the organization to make it easy in to reality and adopting the 4D change project framework that is good at managing organizational change projects (Annon, 2002-2011, Chapman, 2005-2010). Scholars have come up with various theories that explains change management some of which include the action research theory, Lewins three step modal, Scheins Extension of Lewins Change Model, The Lippit, Watson and Westley model of planned change which expanded Lewins Three-Step Model to a Five-Phase Model, Kotters Strategic Eight-Step Model, Mento, Jones and Dirmdofer.s Twelve-Step Model, Jicks Ten-Step Model and Shields five-step model (Pryor et al, 2008 Kritsonis, 2005). Let us look at some of the change management theories in details. Action Research Model Action Research Model or Theory involves several and diversified tactic of implementing change. It involves a combination of changing the attitudes and behaviors as well as crosschecking and testing the change technique to be employed. Changing of attitude and behavior mostly involves the leadership and the employee (Pryor et al, 2008). This is the very important stage whereby the leaders and the managers ought to exercise their leadership and help their juniors in to the change process. This involves training the employees concerning the change process that may be required as well as giving them a good example by acting as their role models. At this stage, the management should take their time to let the employees and the stakeholders the importance, reasons and benefits of change process that needs to be undertaken in order to create a positive attitude in them and to give them morale towards wanting to learn more concerning the new change in the organization. This part of changing the actions and behaviors of the parties involved in the organization is action oriented because the ultimate goal is to make change happen. The other part that is covered in the action research theory involves testing the change method being utilized. In this part, the leaders revolve around trying different frameworks in a real situation as a means of testing or confirming whether the theories can yield their objectives. They may also apply different theories in different situations they have identified in the organization that require change. The basic requirement in this part is to understand the change itself in order to avoid repeated try and error but to identify the matching theory easily. There are three major steps that lead to the implementation of the change through strategic leadership. It requires first to diagnose the need for change in an organization probably due to global and technological changes or any other reason. After identifying the need to do organizational change, it is followed by introducing an intervention and finally evaluation and stabilizing change. The above three steps of change are cons istent with the three steps to be discussed in the Lewins Model (Pryor et al, 2008) Lewins Model/ Theory Lewins model is characterized by three major steps of implementing change which include 1) Unfreezing the present- This involves diagnosing the need for change in an organization. 2) The second step involves moving from the present by introducing intervention. This is where the parties involved stop using the old and the ordinary methods in running the organization and starts using the new changed techniques. 3) Refreezing- This is the final stage of action as seen in the Lewins Model and it involves final evaluation and stabilizing of the change process. This is where the organization community is now convinced that the direction the leadership took is the best and the results may even be felt (Pryor et al, 2008). For the Lewins model to be significant and permanent it is important to carefully follow the above mentioned steps, otherwise, the impacts will be short lived. It is important to move from the present without giving room to the possibility of moving back. It is a planned change whose speed has drastically increased in the present day. However, the Lewins model can be applied in unplanned changes in a situation where there is a high probability that change will occur. For instance, in the cases of natural disaster like hurricanes, earthquakes and floods, the probability of change taking place is very high whereby, these occurrences happen unplanned. It is therefore possible to apply this model on preparation of a disaster to take place in some unknown time. In most cases, the public may not be willing the changes proposed by their leaders whereby the three stages are not carefully followed and this results in damages when the public is caught unawares (Pryor et al, 2008). Scheins Model This theory is an extension of Lewins Model which describes how the three stages of action should be implemented. It describes on the best methods of unfreezing, moving from the present and freezing. Schein describes that for unfreezing to work, or diagnosing the need for change in an organization, in order for people to embrace the change, they must first see the need for change, whereby they are not satisfied with the prevailing status quo. This is where people start seeing the difference between the existing state and the expected state. Once people realize the gap between what is prevailing and what is expected, they are motivated to work towards change in order to bridge the gap and achieve their goals. In order to achieve or accomplish the desired goal, people must be assured that taking the action of change wont humiliate or frustrate them in any way (Pryor et al, 2008). The second stage of organizational change involves moving or changing from the present to the future or the expected goal. Schein identifies this stage with cognitive restructuring which helps people adopt a different view of event from the present to the future. He describes that for cognitive restructuring to be effective, people must identify with new role models as well as acquiring new and relevant information pertaining the new changes to help them move forward (Pryor et al, 2008). The third stage of organizational change according to the Lewins model of change management is the freezing stage. This stage is involved in stabilizing the change making it permanent and ensuring that it is not short-lived. In his description over this stage, Schein has divided this stage in to self and relation with others. He describes that for the change to be stable and permanent, people must personally adopt the changed way of doing things and make it comfortable and usual to work out things using that method. In relation with others, they must ensure that their attitude and behavior are aligned towards the new system permanently (Pryor et al, 2008, p9). Lippitt, Watson and Westleys Expansion of Lewins Change Model This model expands and changes the Lewins model by making the steps of change five instead of three. The five stages of the expanded model include unfreezing, establishing a change relationship, moving, refreezing and finally achieving a terminal relationship (Pryor et al, 2008, p10) Kotters Model Kotters model of change management is an eight phase theory whereby each step lasts a certain period and mistakes in one phase can affect the success of the whole plan. This model is best suit in strategic leadership and strategic management whereby through changing the vision of an organization, it is possible to change the vision of the organization. The eight phases of Kotters model include 1) Creating a sense of urgency 2) Proper handling of the resistant groups 3) Creating a plan of action 4) Proper communication of change to the organization 5) Doing the necessary training pertaining the new idea 6) Short terms rewards to those who have embraced change 7) Process evaluation and implementing the necessary changes 9) demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success change to reinforce making the change permanent (Pryor et al, 2008, p10) . Role of Strategic Leadership in Organization Change Strategic leadership involves the application of strategy in the management of an organization. In this case, leaders are very instrumental in ensuring that organizational change establishes and is permanent. There are different types of leaders some of which cannot be able to see through a process of change while others are very good at it However, due to specialization, the two kinds of leaders to discussed briefly below are necessary in an organization setting in the process of change (Centre for Creative Leadership, 2005, p1). The charismatic leader- This kind of a leader has personal quality and ability to mobilize and sustains a n activity in an organization. During the process of change, a charismatic leader, through personal action and perceived personal characteristics, is able to mobilize the employees and sustain an efficient adoption towards the new dynamics. A charismatic leader can easily change an individuals values, goals, needs and aspirations. Though he is the popular kind of a leader, his leadership is observable and definable since his behavioral characteristics are very clear. A charismatic leader has three major components: envisioning, energizing and enabling which are very key in the process of organizational change (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281). Instrumental leader- This kind of a leader ensures that every person in the management team as well as all the employees follow the proposed line of change to ensure that the process is consistent and permanent. He invests in building of competent teams, clarifying the line of action to his team, both leaders and the employees, building in measurements and administration of rewards and punishment depending on how individuals handle the process. An instrumental leader ensures that the established process of change is not short lived but lasts permanently (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281). Effective organizational transformation requires both charismatic and instrumental leaders. A charismatic leader is good at generating energy, creating commitment and directing individuals towards the new approach of the organization. An instrumental leader eurs consistency in the adoption of te new organizational approach. Let us look at some of the roles of strategic leadership in organizational change management (Ireland Hitt, 2006, p63). As mentioned earlier, organization change is not always embraced positively in an organization. In this case, strategic leadership should be capable of introducing the news about change in a very professional and conducive way to ensure that the parties involved receive them positively (Heller Bonno, 2006). This includes proper prior training, workshops and acting as role models to the rest such that the rest of the people are motivated and are eager to learn more and adopt the change. It is necessary to introduce the process of change in piecemeal to reduce chances of resistance (Appelbaum, St-Pierre Glavas, 2000, pg 294). Once the organization is aware of the intended change and the means and dynamics of implementing change, it is the role of leaders to ensure that the procedures are carefully followed. This involves consistent monitoring and evaluation of the employees, rewarding those who do well to motivate them whereas those who entertain laxity are faced with the appropriate repercussion. If the leadership is consistent with monitoring and evaluation processes, adoption of the new leadership techniques may take root very easily and the employees will forget the old system and get used to the new one (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281). The effectiveness of the management affects the success of change management a great deal. During the initial stages of a change process, a leader ought to be envisioning such that he is able to create a picture of the future which people can identify with and work towards its achievement. People are more likely to be committed when working towards a common goal (Schneier, 2011, Pg 281). Another role o a strategic leader is generation of energy and motivation of workers in the organization to motivate them to work towards the set goal. The common method a leader may use in energizing the employees is through demonstration of personal excitement through personal contact with the organization employees. Once employees identify the confidence in their leaders, they may not hesitate to be involved in the process of change (Schneier, 2011, Pg 282). Furthermore, strategic leadership is responsible of helping people psychologically to be able to perform when faced with challenges. After everything has been done for the employees and is set to do the work, it is important to give them emotional support in times of need. A good leader should be able to listen to his employees, understand their problem and participate in coming up with a solution. Employees tend to have more confidence in that kind of a leader whereby a charismatic leader is better suit for this position (Schneier, 2011, Pg 282). Economic importance of strategic leadership and change management Strategic leadership in change management has got its own benefits in the overall community of the organization. Some of its benefits towards the organization include, providing the staff with direction and focus, Forming the basis for objectives and strategies, Inspiring positive emotions about the organization, Ensuring unanimity of purpose and Helping resolve divergent views among employees. It is the basic core of an organization that determines success or frustrations in it (Bondenm, 2009). However, strategic leadership may at times be biased and fail to provide the benefits thats meant to bring in an organization. For instance, the strategic vision to be effected by the leaders may only be favoring the interests of the leaders while failing to consider the interests of the subordinate and ordinary employees. Also, senior executives use failureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ prone practices, may engage in or condone unethical conduct, may pay little or no attention to productivity, quality, and innovation, may allocate time and money unwisely and may apply too much intuition and too little rational analysis (Bondenm, 2009). Conclusion Strategic leadership and change management are two very close areas which are very interdependent. Change management can be very frustrating and at times disappointing if it is accompanied by poor leadership. To have proper and effective organization change, it is necessary to employ good management whose source is from the leaders. This is why it is important as the essay pertains, to learn the relationship between the two, including the theories describing them, their economic importance as well as the role of strategic leadership in change management. Every organization has its culture and in this particular case, the organization change must be in line with the Arabic culture. This is because each community has its own beliefs which are different from the rest in the whole globe. However, since diversified kinds of people are likely to work within the organization who may not be necessarily Arabs, it is important to have policies and changes within the organization that are open to the global and technological changes. Organizations always go through transformation throughout their life cycle. This is because an organization starts when it is small and as people continues investing in it , it continues growing and there may be need for change in one area or another. Also, the prevailing global and technological changes have got so much impact on the well being of an organization. For instance, introduction of the internet has reduced the world in to a cyberspace whereby most of organization needs to adopt these changes. Technology has also reduced the need of so much manpower since most of the work can now be done using the machine. This has led to drastic organizational changes whose goals I mainly to downsize the companies. This results to laying off of staff whose solution has been brought about by the introduction of 24 hour working shift that ensures that work is done all the time. Organization change may either be planned or unplanned. H planned change s mainly mean to improve the conditions of the organization while the unplanned depends on its nature. For example, natural unnatural disasters r not planned and the change enforced by them may not be positive whereas technological and global effects impacts organizations positively and they are not planned. Strategic leadership is very important in managing both of these changes to ensure that their results ar always positive. Several theories have been laid down to show the relationship between strategic leadership in change management. When learnt keenly, it is clear that change involves stages which leaders should overlook carefully since a mistake in one stage of change may affect the overall results of the change process. It is also clear that the leaders should be in the front line in the implementation of the change process. Firstly, they should be the role models to the rest of the organization; they should make proper communication to the people and should ensure that the employees stick to the set plan to ensure consistency. Though strategic leadership has got many benefits, it does not lack a few challenges that affect the effectiveness of the change process. For example, there may lack proper leadership to implement the change process or the change may be biased. Also, the community may resist change making it hard for them to achieve their goals. Through proper leadership and proper prior preparation, It is possible to prevent negative results in a change process.

Waste Land Essay: Journey Through The Waste Land -- T.S. Eliot Waste L

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   T. S. Eliot drafted The Waste Land during a trip to Lausanne, Switzerland to consult a psychologist for what he described as mild case of nerves. He sent the manuscript to Ezra Pound for editing assistance. Between them the draft was extensively edited and published in 1922. As a modernist poet, Eliot struggled to remove the voice of the author from his work but the work is still a reflection of the author’s interpretation. He paints the picture as he sees it for the readers to view and interpret from their own perspective. The Waste Land could be viewed as a chronicle Eliot’s difficult and not quite successful journey to confront his own unconscious or spiritual reality. â€Å"Viewed psychologically, Eliot’s juxtaposition of scenes of sterility, fecundity, and sacrifice represents the speaker’s conscious awareness of a sterile society, and his abortive attempt to experience the unconscious† (Jones 22). Eliot’s depict ion of a spiritually empty and lost society is a reflection of his inner search for a life-defining spiritual faith. Eliot’s message is that modern man leads a very hollow and disconnected existence because he has abandoned his spiritual values in pursuit of material wealth. Eliot begins The Waste Land by bemoaning the fact that spring exudes false hope through its evidence of new growth and destroys the numbness and warmth acquired during winter’s hibernation from life or feeling. The return of feeling brings renewed acknowledgment of the emptiness and barrenness of modern life. â€Å"What Eliot wants to highlight is the pain of coming back to life† (Torrens 24). He expresses the cause of the pain in the description of the stony and barren landscape in which there is no shelter and nothing can grow. Man’s spirit can... ...aracter of his poetry after his conversion. Bottum however would argue that although he possibly found a personal faith he was never quite able to present that faith in his later works. â€Å"What we encounter in his late poetry, however, is a profound confusion of faith with a brilliant and learned man’s rational understanding that he needs to have faith† (Bottum 23).    Works Cited Bottum, J. â€Å"What T. S. Eliot Almost Believed.† First Things. April 1996. 21-6 Eliot, T. S. â€Å"The Waste Land.† The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. 6th Ed. Vol 2. Ed. Maynard Mack. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: Norton, 1992. 1751-64. Jones, Joyce Meeks. Jungian Psychology in Literary Analysis: A Demonstration Using T. S. Eliot’s Poetry. Washington D.C.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Press, 1979. Torrens, James S. â€Å"T. S. Eliot: 75 Years of ‘The Waste Land.’† America. 25 Oct 1997. 24-7.   

Lester B. Pearson and the Suez Canal Crisis

The Suez crisis was a conflict that could have easily turned into a third World War. With a battle between the Israelis and Egyptians at Sinai, the British and French invasion of Egypt, and nuclear threats from the Soviet Union, all of the elements were present to escalate the conflict and pull other countries into the fray. Canada had no direct ties to the Suez crisis, in terms of control or economic interest. However, Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lester B. Pearson, persuaded the UN General Assembly to send in the United Nations Emergency Force. Even thoughLester B. Pearson dismayed the Commonwealth with his measures for peace, Canada was recognized for starting the first ever United Nations Peacekeeping mission. In the 1950s the Middle East was affected by four different conflicts; each one separate, but relating in many ways. The first was the rush for geopolitical dominance between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The Middle East was one of the regions that were disputed. The second confrontation was between a various Arabian nationalists against the two residual Imperial powers of Britain and France.The third was the ongoing Arab-Israeli dispute, and the fourth was the push by many Arab nations for the control of the Arab world. The tension over the Suez Canal began long before the actual combat. These four conflicts all came into focus during the Suez Canal crisis. Long before the Second World War, Britain saw a bright economic future for the Middle East, mostly due to its valuable oil reserves. The Canal was a vital trade route in the eastern world, as cargo ships could pass though the Suez, from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, without circumnavigating Africa.The Suez Canal's eo-strategic importance during the Cold War prompted Britain to strengthen its position there. However, it became a topic of controversy in the English and Egyptian relations. On June 23, 1956 an ultra-nationalist by the name of Gamal Abdel Nasser is voted into power, winning 99 percent of the vote. This does not concern Anthony Eden, the Prime Minister of England, as Egypt was always part of Britain's world of influence in the Middle East. As the British Broadcasting Corporation quoted, â€Å"Even though Egypt became independent in 1922, Egyptian kings and presidents have always done whatBritish leaders have told them to do. † However, Eden was unaware of the radical change in Egyptian government, which wanted nothing to do with the oppression of the British. In the 1950s, France was quick to assist its Imperial ally Britain in the occupation of the canal. France was to supply Israel with fghter Jets and weapons in a secret plan to invade and overthrow the dangerous radical government. To Egyptian President Nasser, it looks like a very powerful enemy is at the gate of his country. In light of this, Nasser looks abroad for arms. Just like the loan for the Aswan Dam, he looks upon theUnited States tor the supply ot weapons. Nasser knew i t US Presi en d t Dwight Eisenhower rejected this request, he could turn to their enemy and ask the Soviet Union for weapons. Once the Soviet Union did agree to help, Eisenhower and Anthony Eden saw Nasser as communist for cutting such a deal with the Soviets. As a result, they punished him by putting sanctions on Egypt, cutting off military supply and cancelling the financing of the Aswan dam, in attempt to destroy Nasser's dream of building an independent state. Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal on July 26, 1956.This infuriates Eden and he wants to invade Egypt. Nasser then issues a statement claiming that he did this to generate revenue for the construction of the Aswan dam. False intelligence relayed from M16 to Anthony Eden tells him what he wants to hear, saying that Nasser is a pawn of the Soviet Union and the Egyptian people would welcome his overthrow. Diplomacy between US, Soviet Union, Britain, France, Israel and Egypt failed, and in the fall of 1956, Britain, France and Israel secretly plan to attack Egypt. Israel, as planned, made the first assault through the Sinai region to the east of Egypt, onOctober 29, advancing in a single day to within 42 km of the canal. The Israeli advance towards the canal is a fake to show the world that Egypt in danger of being overthrown by the Israelis. The British and French then dissimulate as peacekeepers, trying to diffuse then tension between Egypt and Israel. They offer Nasser an ultimatum: â€Å"Israel and Egypt are to cease fighting or the two Western powers will intervene†. On the 31st of October this ultimatum expires and France and Britain attack, bombing Alexandria and sending in thousands of troops. Russia then threatens Britain and France with Nuclear weapons.At this point it looks as though the world is on the brink of another World War. Canada had no interest to the Suez crisis, in terms of control, economic or military interest, but Lester B. Pearson saw an o pportunity to intervene. While the Cabinet in Ottawa debated about the attack on Egypt, the UN Security Council met in New York. Even though Canada did not have a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, Lester B. Pearson and the Foreign Affairs delegation of Canada worked towards building an agreement for the proposal to the I-IN, on the Suez Crisis.Encouraged by the US, Yugoslavia makes a â€Å"Uniting for Peace resolution†, which enables a debate to be moved to the General Assembly. The I-JK and France do not block this, however, negative votes would not constitute a veto. The Suez Canal debate is then moved to the general assembly. This is critical moment for Pearson as Canada can now get involved in the debate. Pearson's team began to work on November 1st and labored desperately for four straight days. The first proposal made by Pearson was to change the French and British soldiers in Egypt into actual peacekeepers with a UN mandate.However, the fury of the General Assembly would not allow this to happen. Pearson met with US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, and they discussed many ideas but it was Pearson's idea of the International police force that they would finally agree upon. Dulles tells Pearson to propose it to the I-IN, and on November 4th, 1956 Pearson d the first ever nited U Nations Peacekeeping torce. The UN General propose Assembly gave support to the proposal made by Pearson as 57 nations voted for and no country voted Against. Lester B. Pearson would deliver this quote in his proposal â€Å"We eed action not only to end the fghting, but to make peace†¦My own government would be glad to recommend Canadian participation in such a United Nations Force, a truly international peace and police force†. After two weeks The UNEF units come into effect in the Suez region. The Peacekeepers would be placed between enemy forces until a cease-fire or settlement was worked out. The members of the UNEF were drawn from middle powers that had no individual interest in the dispute. The force was composed of 6000 soldiers, 1000 of which were Canadians including Major General E. LM Burns of Canada who commanded the UN Force. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRv7G7WpOoUhttp://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/suez-crisis/ http://www. suezcrisis. ca/http://www.torontosun.com/http://interactivetimeline.com/306/the-united-nations-and-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/10.phphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis

Dont Go Down in Flames Deal Only With Proven Writer Services

Dont Go Down in Flames Deal Only With Proven Writer Services Dont Go Down in Flames: Deal Only With Proven Writer Services Today, almost anyone who has an Internet connection can be a â€Å"pro† writer. If you search the web to find a helper for your academic paper, you are sure to face many self-proclaimed academic writers offering assistance and promising a high-quality work. It is hard to know who of these writers are credible and trustworthy. Of course, it is hard to choose the writer if you don’t know much information about this person, and sometimes there are no reviews to help you make a decision. Choosing the wrong writer can be devastating for your finances as well as for your whole paper. You don’t want to end up with a late paper or have to pay a second writer to re-do the job. In order to avoid these issues, you need to search for the writer services you can trust. How can you determine which services are trustworthy? Keep reading to find out. Use a Credible Website One way to feel certain that you have selected a reliable writer is to use a credible source. Find companies or freelance websites that provide reviews and writer’s previous clients’ feedback. This feedback can help you hire a writer who has great experience in writing. Often, these sites also offer services like assistance negotiating client-writer disputes if it is needed. On the other hand, you should avoid hiring writers through social networks. Most writers offering help via social networks are unreliable, or they can be scammers or fakes. Verify the Writer’s Reputation Never hire a writer with no reviews, no feedback, and no way for you to verify his/her reputation. It’s better to find websites with posted ratings or reviews. Does the writer meet the deadline, or skip it? Does he/she provide customers with high-quality works? Would previous clients hire him/her again? If you are not able to use such a site, browse online forums for students’ advice about the high-quality writers to hire. Perhaps you have a friend who has used a writer service before and can steer you for the right direction. Whatever method you use, ensure that the writer you are hiring is known to be skillful and trustworthy. Avoid Language Barriers Language has nothing to do with skill, but it plays a leading role in your ability to communicate effectively with the writer you hire. Make sure you have a conversation with the selected writer, even via messages or email, to check that you are able easily to communicate your needs and expectations. In addition, you should hire a writer who is native or fluent in the language you expect for your academic paper. Otherwise, you may be very unhappy with the results. Request Samples If possible, it is always a good idea to view writer’s samples before hiring. Any truly professional writer should have several samples available for you, either in a public portfolio or upon your request. If you ask to see samples, and the writer does not provide you with them, this is a definite red flag. While viewing samples, look at such factors as grammar, spelling, writing style and vocabulary. Does it seem like this writer can handle the work you need? Can this person write at the level expected in your academic discipline? Is the sample relevant to your needs, or does it seem like this writer has no experience in the particular type of academic writing you require? Read carefully and make a smart informed decision. Ensure Safe Payment While paying online, ensure that your payment information is secured. Never give your credit card or bank account information to an individual, especially one that you do not know or have no reason to trust. It is better to use a third-party payment site like a PayPal to avoid the possibility of a theft or a fraud. Reputable freelance sites usually have some form of escrow or payment protection as well, and you do not have to pay the freelancer directly. Another tip, when it comes to payment, is to be careful with hiring writers with extremely low rates. It is better to pay a slightly higher price for a qualitative writing than to end up having to pay twice. If you have decided to search for academic writing assistance, use a trustworthy website, research to find a qualitative writer with excellent skills, and protect your payment method. Follow these tips to avoid getting burned!

Ideal Job Essays

Ideal Job Essays Ideal Job Essay Ideal Job Essay Time and time again, children are asked what do you want to be when you grow up? The answers vary from one child to another according to many factors such as age, cultural background, and personal interest. The dream of the desired job starts from the childhood. However, the important question is what is the ideal job? Achieving the ideal job depends on many factors. The standards of the ideal job are different from one person to another. The qualities of the ideal job rely much on how much it fits with the persons interests and aspirations, the work environment, expected incomes and flexibility. One of the most important qualities of the ideal job is the suitability of the type work. Indeed the most important factor is working in a field that matches the persons academic specialization. People work better if they know the basis of their job and, as a result, they can efficiently handle all the problems they face. Another factor of the ideal job is taking into consideration the cultural boundaries of the job, such as in order to avoid undesirable problems and conflicts. Since, there are jobs that suit some people and do not suit the others. Additionally, the ideal job one that meets the interests and aspiration of the employee. Another important quality of the ideal job is the type of environment the person is working at. The best work environment for the ideal job is collaborative one, successful work can be achieved more efficiently with the collaborative efforts. In this environment, each employee likes to help the others, which ultimately affects the work as a whole and the progress it makes. In addition, workers in these environments should motivate each other, which would help to create warmth and intimacy within the workplace. At the same time, this warm atmosphere should accompany healthy competition. Workers should challenge one another, persuading them to work harder benefit of the company as a whole. In addition to the ideal atmosphere, the ideal boss should also be considered. The boss should be open-minded and cooperative. The boss’ best interest should be that of the employees, being there to supervise, give advice, and maintain a happy work environment. Overall, the boss should be fair when it comes to giving promotions and must pay attention to the importance of rewarding the employees. Expected income also plays a role in the ideal job. People depend on work as a source of money. They work to earn money. The ideal job must provide good salaries so it will provide comfortable living to its workers. Depending on the lifestyle of the employee, the ideal job should supply a salary that allows necessities to be taken care of while still having money to save and spend on leisure activities. The ideal job should also offer intellectual income. It should be a job that can offer experiences where the employees can obtain new knowledge that they may not have been able to obtain in the academic life, as well as acquire new skills or enhance old. Socially, the ideal job should offer opportunities for employees to make new friends and possibly creating lifetime friendships and networks. Finally, flexible work hours are a factor regarding the ideal job. Flexible hours allow workers to save time for their social lives. It gives them a chance to do their social commitments such as family and children matters. Moreover, these flexible hours will give employees the time they need to entertain their selves, and enjoy life. The ideal job is a vision that is formed in childhood and continues to develop throughout the stages of a persons life. When considering this compilation of elements that forms the ideal job, one may say that achieving such job is impossible. In this case, a warm competitive work environment, intellectual and economical gain, and flexible work hours make up the ideal job. So, what is your ideal job? Remember, in reality, nothing is perfect, but in fantasy anything is a possibility.

Supporting Children who are Twice Exceptional and Beyond Assignment

Supporting Children who are Twice Exceptional and Beyond - Assignment Example They are called as such because of their special intellectual capacity and because of their physical condition that requires special attention (Beckley, 2012). Little did we know that 2e children also bear the burden of certain disabilities that entail for them to be misunderstood? Common disabilities found in 2e children are dyslexia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, tourette syndrome, Attention Deficit Disorders among others. They often have the difficulty to study in a traditional learning environment. Because of this, 2e children are often perceived as lazy, distracted and lacks interest with disruptive behaviour (Beckley, 2012). Because of these perceptions, parents and child carers tends to use a different approach to discipline does not fit the 2e children. They tend to apply the kind of discipline that they use to non-2e children not realizing that 2e children have special needs. Although my understanding on 2e is not absolute, I believe that it helped me broaden my mind and further my understanding on child psychology. Generally, children are the most vulnerable section in our society (if not, the world) what more with the 2e children who have certain limitations that tests our patience? My initial understanding on 2e children fortified my belief that we should take extra care precaution when dealing with them. To be more careful with what we say, what we show them and how we guide them because that’s who they become. 2e children show an array of traits, behaviour and most of them are gifted children. However, they possess a quality that is the discrepancy of their mental age is different from their biological or physical age. Comorbid situation and children who are â€Å"twice exceptional† are distinct but not separate. Their conditions might have differences but their commonality is that they need special attention and

Western traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Western traditions - Essay Example Religious literature has contributed much in the beliefs and practices of various religions in the world. For one, scriptures and other religious text help document the occurrences and events and the rituals we continue to practice today.Its historical allusion is towards the beginning of how religion has emerged and developed in which areas of the world as well as its impact on society and culture of the countries where religion is practiced, which therefore contributed to the present way of life of its citizens. Without religious text to support the faith, there will be no continuity of practices that will be handed down from generation to generation. Second, it has engaged individuals, even heretics to first interpret certain notable events and figures as we see them in each religion, or relate life events to these same religious indoctrinations and help people see beyond suffering. Next is learning to question long time traditions and beliefs in religion that either belie or unde rmine others which naturally mock the purpose of imparting goodwill to mankind through religion.The center of Jewish intellectual life after the Babylonian destruction of the Jewish temple is completely debatable. Some would say it is in the central plains of Sahara, where the fruits of genetically altered plant species were cultivated to benefit early Byzantine human civilization. Some would say it would have shifted along with the axial tilt of the planet, to an estimated forty three degrees where old Mesopotamia was. Unfortunately, it cannot be determined with enough accuracy so as to be rendered fully ascertained. Still we can consider the events that transpired in order to determine when it actually occurred. For one, the Jews have been particularly ostracized and persecuted since the olden times, from the start middle ages where they have been considerably ridiculed in Christian Europe, especially with the reign of Christianity through Constantine's prodding. The enlightenment of Jews from around the world began when their full emancipation from such restrictive laws that govern their social existence regardless of their beliefs and traditions were encouraged and slowly emerged. The golden age of Jewish culture in Spain has particularly contributed to where Jews were placed in society until the Nazi terrorism against Jews. Page 339 #2: Over what issue or issues did Latin and Greek Christianity separate, and what are the principal continuing differences between these two branches of Christianity in worship, organization, and theology Latin Christianity strictly adheres to the liturgies of Latin rites, including the absolute celibacy of priests, appointment of bishops directly by the Pope, and other traditional standard rules enforced by this part of the Catholic church that originated from western Europe where Latin was the primary language. As opposed to the beliefs and traditions that are implemented by that of Greek Christianity, where priests and pastors can marry, and have separate liturgical rites from that of Latin Christianity, though they continue to respect the usual policies originating in Rome. The Great Schism between the Eastern and the Western Church based on the issues faced by Constantinople apart from language barriers and political events have contributed greatly to this separation. Whereas Latin Christianity considers Rome as the ultimate highest single entity to govern the Church's policies, Greek Christianity believes no lone authority should be notable but the